Data
Malaysian Parliamentary Hansard Corpus, 1981–2025
Every speech turn in the Dewan Rakyat and the Dewan Negara between 1981 and 2025, roughly 1.37 million of them, in Malay and English. The scanned years went through OCR; the whole thing was then cleaned and matched to speakers.
I put it together to follow how Islam is argued about in Parliament across four decades. It underpins the Malaysian chapters of my dissertation.